1.
Hyophila involuta
(Hooker) A. Jaeger, Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1871/1872: 354. 1873.
Gymnostomum involutum
Hooker, Musci Exot. 2: plate 154. 1819;
Hyophila tortula
(Schwägrichen) Hampe
Plants
in loose or dense, dark green to red-brown or blackish tufts, dull or occasionally with a metallic sheen.
Stem
densely foliate, 5-10(-20) mm, central strand strong.
Leaves
concave when moist, to 1.5-2(-2.5) mm, oblong-spatulate to obovate, occasionally with multicellular teeth in distal
1
/4, rounded to rounded obtuse at the apex, sometimes apiculate; costa stout, prominent abaxially, smooth on the abaxial surface to occasionally roughened at the apex, hydroids absent; laminal cells near insertion short-rectangular, 2-4:1, firm-walled, pale and brownish or hyaline, cells 8-10(-12) µm wide, in longitudinal and oblique rows, thin to thick-walled, bulging-mammillose on the adaxial surface, plane on the abaxial.
Sexual condition
dioicous.
Seta
6-7 mm, reddish to yellow-brown with age.
Capsule
erect, 1.5-3 mm, narrowly cylindric from an indistinct neck, annulus well differentiated, red-brown, of vesiculose cells, persistent or deciduous; [operculum erect, conic-rostrate, 0.6-0.8 mm].
Loosely consolidated sedimentary rocks, soft limestone, rocky riverbanks, streamsides and bluffs in shaded woods; low to moderate elevations (0-1100 m); Ont.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ind., Kans., Ky., Md., Mich., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America; Europe; s Asia; s Africa; Pacific Islands; Australia.
Cells covering the adaxial costal surface in the related genus
Plaubelia
are rounded and similar to the laminal cells, being small and generally isodiametric; those of
Hyophila
are rather different from the laminal cells, being somewhat larger and quadrate to short-rectangular. The adaxial costal cells of
Plaubelia
are more saliently mammillose than those of
Hyophila
, but this is not always easy to establish. In the flora the range of
Plaubelia
is restricted to Florida, whereas that of
Hyophila involuta
extends from Florida north to Ontario. For distinction of
Hyophila
from
Dichodontium pellucidum,
see discussion of the latter species.
Hyophila involuta
apparently rarely fruits in the flora area (one old sporophyte was seen from Ohio; one fruiting specimen from New Jersey was noted by A. J. Grout 1928-1940).